For instance, stress, high blood pressure, smoking, birth control pills, and dehydration are known triggers for retinal migraine and migraine with aura. The causes of retinal migraine are unknown however, neurologists have been able to identify some of the main triggers for this type of migraine. These visual symptoms have been reported to last between 5 minutes and 1 hour however, this may vary for each patient. Retinal migraine is a type of migraine that can cause symptoms in one eye for example, a patient with retinal migraine may experience twinkling lights, flashes, or temporary vision loss in only one eye during an episode. With visual aura, the symptoms affect both eyes, while with retinal migraine, the visual loss and other symptoms affect one eye. Visual aura is the most common manifestation, and is found in over 90% of people who experience aura. It typically involves visual, sensory, speech, and motor symptoms. Aura is defined as symptoms providing a warning of an upcoming attack, such as a migraine. Approximately 15-33% of people with migraine experience aura. There are two main types of migraine with aura: visual migraine and retinal migraine. Some patients may have one migraine with aura every couple of months, and others may have it more frequently. The frequency and duration of ocular migraine is different for every patient. Headache specialists may also refer to this migraine as ophthalmic or monocular migraine. These visual effects may include visual loss, blind spots, or seeing stars. Migraine with aura is a term that points to a variety of migraine subtypes that can be characterized by visual disturbances.
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